GIVING-UP DENSITIES AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF EUROPEAN STARLINGS AND AMERICAN ROBINS

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Oyugi ◽  
Joel S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
American Robins

scholarly journals Giving-Up Densities and Habitat Preferences of European Starlings and American Robins

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Oyugi ◽  
Joel S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Food Patch ◽  
Turdus Migratorius ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
American Robins

AbstractIn a field experiment, we measured the giving-up densities and activity of co-occurring American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Across six distances from cover, both species had lower giving-up densities near cover (safe) than away (risky). In terms of activity, both species were more active near than away from cover. Preference for cover was more pronounced for robins. Both species foraged more in the morning than in the afternoon. This pattern was more pronounced for starlings. Relative to the background environment (mowed grass), robins favored the food patches more than starlings. For starlings and robins, respectively, it took 72.6 m2 and 382.3 m2 of background environment to generate the same feeding activity in a 1-m2 food patch filled with 210 mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). The greater degree of herbivory by starlings may explain the robins' greater affinity for food patches (invertebrates only) relative to the background environment (both invertebrates and plants).Densidades de Abandono y Preferencias de Hábitat de Turdus migratorius y Sturnus vulgarisResumen. En un experimento de campo, medimos las densidades de abandono (i.e., “giving-up densities”) y la actividad de individuos simpátricos de Turdus migratorius y Sturnus vulgaris. A través de seis distancias a sitios cubiertos, ambas especies presentaron menores densidades de abandono cerca de sitios cubiertos (seguros) que lejos de éstos (riesgosos). En términos de actividad, ambas especies fueron más activas cerca que lejos de sitios cubiertos. La preferencia por sitios cubiertos fue más pronunciada en T. migratorius. Ambas especies forrajearon más en la mañana que en la tarde, siendo este patrón más pronunciado en S. vulgaris. Con relación al ambiente de fondo (pasto cortado), T. migratorius prefirió los parches de alimento más que S. vulgaris. Generar la misma actividad de alimentación en un parche de 1 m2 con 210 gusanos de la harina (Tenebrio molitor), tomó 72.6 m2 de ambiente de fondo para T. migratorius y 382.3 m2 para S. vulgaris. El más alto grado de herbivoría de S. vulgaris podría explicar la mayor afinidad de T. migratorius hacia parches de alimento (sólo invertebrados) con relación al ambiente de fondo (invertebrados y plantas).

Temporal ventriloquism effect in European starlings: Evidence for two parallel processing pathways.

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Feenders ◽  
Yoko Kato ◽  
Katharina M. Borzeszkowski ◽  
Georg M. Klump
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Temporal Ventriloquism ◽  
Processing Pathways

Macrotylus (Alloeonycha) xantii Günther, 2018, (Hemiptera: Miridae, Phylinae) new to Portugal, with a description of the female

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Stuart Foster
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Sandy Substrate

The plant bug Macrotylus (Alloeonycha) xantii Günther, 2018, is reported as new to Portugal from the Algarve. This species was described from a single male specimen captured on dry grass in a calcareous area of Andalusia, Spain. The female was previously unknown, so the presence of both sexes in reasonable numbers on sparsely vegetated sandy substrate in Portugal extends its known range and habitat preferences, and has enabled the female to be described.

Distribution, systematics and nomenclature of the three taxa of Common Stonechats (Aves, Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Saxicola) that breed in the Caucasian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
V.M. Loskot ◽  
G.B. Bakhtadze
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Western

Geographic distribution and habitat preferences of Saxicola rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766), S. maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin, 1774), and S. m. armenicus (Stegman, 1935) inhabiting the Caucasian Isthmus and adjacent areas are described in detail. We examined the individual, sexual, age, seasonal and geographical variations of seven main diagnostic features of both plumage and morphometrics (exactly, the length of wing and tail) using 381 skin specimens. Substantially improved diagnoses of S. m. variegatus and S. m. armenicus are provided. After a thorough examination of the materials and history of the expedition of Samuel Gmelin in 1768–1774, and his description of Parus variegatus, it was concluded that the type locality of this taxon was the vicinity of Shamakhi in Azerbaijan not Enzeli in North-Western Turkey. It is also shown the fallacy of the recently proposed attribution of the holotype of the northern subspecies S. m. variegatus to the southern taxon S. m. armenicus and synonymisation of these names, as well as the replacement of the name S. m. variegatus by its junior synonym S. m. hemrichii Ehrenberg, 1833 for the northern subspecies.

Temporal Changes in Habitat Selection and Nest Spacing in a Colony of Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Robert McLandress
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Snow Goose ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Lesser Snow Geese ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Island Habitats

Abstract I studied the nesting colony of Ross' Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) at Karrak Lake in the central Arctic of Canada in the summer of 1976. Related studies indicated that this colony had grown from 18,000 birds in 1966-1968 to 54,500 birds in 1976. In 1976, geese nested on islands that were used in the late 1960's and on an island and mainland sites that were previously unoccupied. Average nest density in 1976 was three-fold greater than in the late 1960's. Consequently, the average distance to nearest neighbors of Ross' Geese in 1976 was half the average distance determined 10 yr earlier. The mean clutch size of Ross' Geese was greater in island habitats where nest densities were high than in less populated island or mainland habitats. The average size of Snow Goose clutches did not differ significantly among island habitats but was larger at island than at mainland sites. Large clutches were most likely attributable to older and/or earlier nesting females. Habitat preferences apparently differed between species. Small clutches presumably indicated that young geese nested in areas where nest densities were low. The establishment of mainland nesting at Karrak Lake probably began with young Snow Geese using peripheral areas of the colony. Young Ross' Geese nested in sparsely populated habitats on islands to a greater extent than did Snow Geese. Ross' Geese also nested on the mainland but in lower densities than Ross' Geese nesting in similar island habitats. Successful nests with the larger clutches had closer conspecific neighbors than did successful nests with smaller clutches. The species composition of nearest neighbors changed significantly with distance from Snow Goose nests but not Ross' Goose nests. Nesting success was not affected by the species of nearest neighbor, however. Because they have complementary antipredator adaptations, Ross' and Snow geese may benefit by nesting together.

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